Brine Disposal Options For Water Desalination In The Nap Region

Question: Portray about the Brine Disposal Options For Water Desalination In The Nap Region. Answer: Presentation Because of dangerous increment in the number of inhabitants on the planet with financial advancement prompts increment popular of water. Breunig et al. (2013) expressed that the deficiency of water is perhaps the best issue inside the cutting edge society.Desalination of the seawater is most ideal approach to flexibly of water to the number of inhabitants on the planet, however broad release of saline solution influences the marine biota. Barronet al. (2015) opined that desalination of the seawater is an alternative to raise the water amount, which are required for the farming purposes in NAP locale. This writing audit depends on brackish water removal choices for desalination of water inside the NAP locale. Dawoudet al. (2012) refered to that hold assimilation is utilized so as to reward the water for the horticultural applications. It expels the salts from the seawater. The method of opposite assimilation creates a flood of high immaculateness water that is characterized as salt wa ter. The reason for this investigation is to recognize the brackish water removal alternatives for water desalination inside NAP area and separate holes in the choices. This examination is led to forestall dangers of asset manageability and fulfill necessities to raise the creation just as conveyance of consumable water. Subsequently, the legislature is centered around desalination over the locale, creation of huge treatment and produces interest for overall information with current cutting edge innovations. Brackish water removal alternatives for desalination of water Agriculture in the Northern Adelaide Plains (NAP) is special in that it is the biggest canvassed editing area in Australia. Desalination of plant influences the earth by coming back to elevated level of temperature concentrated saline solution to the ocean. Morilloet al. (2013) demonstrated that the degree of weakness of condition to saltiness changes from position to position. Another effect of nature guidelines and EPA measures are that when different items are utilized inside compound cleaning of layers just as cleaning are likely of inside the ocean. The items are limited inside desalination brackish water, along these lines plausible negative effects from discarding saline solution inside ocean are offered if the saline solution is created just as happy to saltworks. Brackish water requires precise removal, there are many saline solution removal techniques, which are accessible, and it comprises of different ecological just as capital expenses (Burnet al. 2015). Coming up next a re the salt water removal choices for desalination of the water in the NAP locale. 2.1 Surface water release In a portion of the cases, the saline solution is being released to the surface water bodies like waterway just as lakes. Gilronet al. (2016) expressed that it is a minimal effort answer with the end goal of desalination of water inside the NAP district. This salt water removal technique is utilized to direct point just as non-point contamination sources to the surface waters. This strategy ensures that the water is being dealt with precisely just as lingering squanders are being reused appropriately. This saline solution removal licenses to be completed by National poison release disposal frameworks (NPDES). Profound water infusion well Brackish water is being infused into the subsurface arrangement of rock. It is a significant expense arrangement as the expense for boring just as support of well is high. This profound water infusion technique is likewise named as saline solution removal. Bamagaet al. (2016) expressed that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) controls this infusion well. The development of well is subject to the infusion liquid infused just as profundity of infusion zone. The profound water infusion well is expected so as to infuse perils just as carbon dioxide profound under the outside of the Earth (Sanchez, Nogueiraand Kalid 2015).This saline solution removal technique is to be utilized on topographical conditions inside the district (Barronet al. 2013).The authorization of this technique is to be taken by underground infusion control. Vanishing Pond Saline solution is gathered inside the surface impoundment that permits the brackish water to center as the water is vanished into the climate. For this removal technique, there are no such government grant is required. Prez-Gonzlezet al. (2012) opined that in a portion of the states, there are prerequisite of checking. From numerous hundreds of years, dissipation lake is utilized so as to produce of salt. For the brackish water removal, the vanishing of lakes are required to concentrate on the saline solution causing precipitation of precious stones of salt as far as possible is to be achieved. Morilloet al. (2013) contended that the elements those are impacting the effectiveness of this strategy are profundity of lake just as surface region. The issues, which are identified with dissipation lake, are spillage of the lake. There is spillage inside the lake, at that point it results in surge of saline solution contaminants into touching groundwater. Land application For the capacity and removal of the saline solution water, perhaps the best option is utilization of it in the rural grounds. In the particular districts of the nation where the grass or the trees are salt open minded the brackish water can be utilized to water them. Al-Karaghouli and Kazmerski(2013) expressed that this removal procedure depends on some specific contemplations, which are, the centralization of the salt and synthetic are sufficiently appropriate to keep away from the defilement of the ground water and soil of that locale. Metkeet al. (2016) opined that the degree of the synthetic and the salt are demonstrated by the ground water saltiness and vegetation resistance. While utilizing the brackish water for water system, it must be guaranteed that, at the hour of overwhelming precipitation or floods some other removal strategies are accessible for the salt water as the progression of the precipitation alongside the saline solution water can cause the antagonistic conseque nces for the wetlands that are helpful for living space advancement. Before removal of the saline solution water in the farming terrains the site must be chosen relying upon specific variables, as pre application treatment of the chose land, land prerequisites for minerals, surface spillover rate, vegetation at the chose land and in conclusion the pressure driven stacking rate.Sanchez, Nogueiraand Kalid(2015) refered to that notwithstanding that, the brackish water can be infused inside a characteristic underground structure which is disconnected from different parts geographically. This will help the removal of the saline solution water inside the land without debasing the groundwater that can be utilized as the drinking water and in rural terrains. Aghdamet al.(2016) expressed that as this option requires least yearly expense, accordingly it is considered as the most economical saline solution water removal strategy. The contaminants in the brackish water helps in evacuating the particles, salts and substantial metals in the arrangement. Finally the contaminants winds up as a land fill in the wetland zones. Dawoudet al. (2012) exhibited that this technique is likewise considered as the earth amicable method of arranging the saline solution water since it doesn't require an enormous force hotspot for arranging the brackish water. While thinking about this as a reasonable answer for the salt water removal, it is critical to observe that, for arranging the brackish water in the grounds, the region must be sufficiently large so that, the progression of the saline solution ought not influence the individuals around that territory. Sewer release Sanchez, Nogueiraand Kalid(2015) opined that the sewage release of the salt water is another effective technique that uses the current framework of any area. In addition, the grouping of the particles and mineral salts in the brackish waters water likewise gets weakened in the event that it is released in the sewage treatment plan. Simultaneously it is likewise essential to remember that, it can cause the development of the microbes in the sewage framework as the brackish water is useful in creating condition that helps in the development of the microorganisms. Likewise, this will build the heap for the current sewage treatment plan because of the included particles and metals. Despite the fact that it is a feasible alternative for removal of the Brine water, however before the removal, it is imperative to deal with the accompanying components, volume and arrangement of the brackish water that will be released, conceivable effect of the saline solution on the treatment plan. For inst ance it is seen that, because of the unnecessary release of the Brine water in the sewage framework causes the precipitation of the calcium carbonate on the channels of the treatment plan. Sometimes it is seen that, the release of the Brine arrangement can diminish the natural oxygen request (BOD) if there should arise an occurrence of the waste water that is gainful in the majority of the conditions. In the event of the Valley of sun, the sewage release is utilized for removal of the salt water. Residue control The utilization of the salt water answer for controlling the residue is considered as the practical, lawful and productive route in various nations of the world. It is a financially savvy answer for controlling the residue as it accessible for a lot lesser value contrasted with the street salts (Boskoet al. 2014). Bitter water or the brackish water conveyed from oil and gas wells and various sources, for instance, saline solution treatment plants and wells can be used as a residue suppressant and road stabilizer on unpaved auxiliary boulevards. The salt water in the wets the streets and ties the minuscule soil particles with one another, which assistant aides in lessens the arrangement of the residue. Just special case in this strategy is the saline solution created from the shale arrangement process can't be utilized as a residue suppressant on the streets. Codayet al.(2014) expressed that before spreading the saline solution on the streets as a suppressant, it is essential to guara ntee that, there is no water body close to the street, as the brackish water will get streamed away with the water of downpour. In this setting it is additionally proposed that, the brackish water ought not be spread in the blustery season or on the wet streets, as it can stream away to the water bodies close to the street and taint it. This may influence the natural pecking order in

The Invasions of Europe Essay Example for Free

The Invasions of Europe Essay On the later phase of the dull ages or the Middle Ages, Europe experienced loses from boorish assaults by Vikings, Magyars and Moslem intruders which extended from mid ninth century up to eleventh century. These attacks had made Roman Empire lost a large portion of its territory region just as the trust of individuals to the Christian chiefs. Vikings began their assault due to overpopulation in their country. They started things out to England then to Iona, Ireland and the remainder of the north and western part, annihilating the most cultivated piece of the district and looting the rich exchanging focuses and religious communities. As each assault got fruitful, they would return in more numbers. Their intrusions had gotten simpler on them since they had their sail ships contrasted with their previous attacks which was by foot. Individuals began dreading to live in the beach front locale. While a portion of the Vikings fight in the western portion of Mediterranean, some started settling in the northwest of France and the others came to Moslem Spain and Great Britain. Chieftains would pay off them all together for Vikings not to assault their towns. A few gatherings, for example, Danes started the obstruction and effectively protected England. As Normans settled down, they started to diminish in number. They got acculturated and were changed over to Christianity. They had lost their desire in looting. During that period, in the other piece of Europe, the Moslems had gone attacking Spain, undermining Italy, droving out Byzantines in Sicily and southern Italy. They nearly got into Rome. While Moslems proceeded with their assault in the Mediterranean, Magyars started attacking the east. These gatherings of intruders which at the same time assaulted from all sides had encircled the European landmass. Magyars attacked Germany every year. They had gone through Germany, France, Burgundy, right to Italy. While some of them kept on pursueing their assaults at France, others left for Spain. Until the Magyar armed forces were destroyed by a German lord Otto I, Europe got protected from intrusions.  â â â â â â â â â â All of these attacks had added to the ruin of the rich Holy Roman Empire. Yet, they encountered the most exceedingly awful assault from the Magyars basically in light of the fact that during that time that they assaulted, Europe was at that point experiencing assaults of Vikings and Moslems. There were basically no enlightened districts left during that time and territories turned out to be less populated. They intrusion turned out to be so harming as they experienced synchronous assaults all sides.â As the Roman Empire will in general breakdown, they neglected to oppose these assaults prior on the grounds that they had less warriors.â Some local people consume their fields not letting the brutes have it. The vast majority of the most extravagant parts were inclined to assault while cloisters were intensely exposed to being obliterated. Individuals endured vigorously. They lost their properties, work and their riches. As they grieve, they rushed to the congregation for comfort yet they were baffled as there were abnormalities in the pioneer of the churches.â Some of them became burglars, philanderers, and killers and met into domains of governmental issues. There were various substitutions of popes. At once there were â€Å"illegal doings† in the ecclesiastical castles. Some more likely than not lost their trust in their conviction. However, Christianity didn't end there. It was improved by Benedictine priests in France. As the Magyars were crushed during that time, they became changes over to Christianity and settled at Hungary. Vikings were additionally changed over to Christianity yet one of the principle reasons is that Christians didn’t need to exchange with and wed non-Christians. During the last course of Dark Ages, Europe step by step recouped from the intrusion. Pioneers were delegated yet had clashes with Christian pioneers. There were strains between them about who had the best force. Thus the Dark Ages finished. References Kimball, C. (2001). Part 7: The Viking Era. A History of Europe. Recovered December 7,  â â 2007, from http://xenohistorian.faithweb.com/europe/eu07.html. Knight, J. (2001). The Carolingan Age. Medieval times: Almanac, 39-45. Recovered December 7,  2007, from http://www.4shared.com/record/28008239/b4f1dc89/Gale_- _Middle_Ages_Reference_Library_Vols1-5.html [database].

Its Easy to Become One of the Essay Writers Today

Its Easy to Become One of the Essay Writers Today Its Easy to Become One of the Essay Writers Today Working from home has become a popular way of earning money. There are many good reasons to find a career that allows you to be at home and at work at the same time. First, think of how much money you save: no more expenses on commuting, paying for child care, or expensive wardrobe to buy. There is also the freedom of setting your own hours and being able to make as much, or as little, money as you want. There are also a few reasons that working from home isn’t a good idea, and the biggest of these is finding a position with a legitimate company that is willing to pay well. Essay writers can have this work at home freedom, but there are steps that should be followed to find a position with a reputable company. Research is the most important part of an online job search. Take the time to follow these steps to find the best company for you. How to Find a Good Company to Work for Use your search engines. Type in key words like online essay writer into several different engines and see what comes up. Make a list of the sites that you see most often or the ones that look promising to you. Take the time to research each of the sites â€" this step takes a little time, but it is worth it. Visit their web-sites and wander around. How do they impress you: are they easy to use? Do they have Frequently Asked Questions section? Are they easily accessed or closed and secretive? These things will give you an idea of how the company operates. The second part of your research is to look at what others have to say about the company. Again, using your favorite search engine, enter the company’s name and the word “scam” or “fraud”. These will generate a list of what people are saying about the company. Obviously, even the best companies may have a bad review, but look at all the comments with an open mind. After a while you will get a feel for how they conduct business. Finally, pick your top companies and apply. Have your resume ready and fill out the application fully and honestly. There is always a market for good professional essay writers on the Internet. They want your services, but you must be committed to delivering a quality product. Having a good writing sample is quite often a prerequisite to being hired, and every company will have different needs. Steps to Making Sure Your Writing Sample Is Good Read the directions. This sounds simple, but it is essential. Not only does the company want to see how well you write, they also want to see how well you will follow a customer’s directions Pay attention to the details. Having good grammar and sentence structure is obvious, but don’t forget proper punctuation, style, and good spelling. Also, pay attention to things like word count, page requirement, and academic style. If the paper requires three pages, keep it to that length. Finally, deadlines are critical. Don’t it for the last minute to start writing. Use the time that you are given to craft your best work; after all, your writing is the only criteria companies have to evaluate you on. Make it your best. Once you have been hired, all that is left is that first customer to say, “Write my essay!” Start your search today; go to http://writing-help.com/ and get ready for a new career. The opportunity is there for anyone who will take it!

Should Cloning Be Allowed - 872 Words

Though many have agreed that cloning should not be further researched there are still those who believe otherwise. Why exactly do people believe that research on human cloning should be allowed? A significant reason is that cloned embryos are believed to be a necessity for research on embryonic stem cells that have proven to have the potential to revolutionize medicine worldwide. â€Å"Scientists believe that cloned embryonic stem cell research will lead to cures for many diseases and will provide tissues and organs for transplant and treatment of degenerative conditions.† (Lauritzen) Although most scientists are nearly unified in their opposition to cloning humans for reproductive purposes (Klotzko pg. 120), on-going research towards other goals makes it difficult for most to oppose the research. This is because research done on therapeutic cloning is directed and motivated by the anticipation that cloning technology will have compelling health benefits to many. Cloning is h oped to possibly lead to transplant therapies with the assistance of cloned embryonic stem cells that are altered and modified to individual patients using their own DNA. If methods of therapeutic cloning using the cloned embryos are found to be successful, then organs could become available to those who are terminally ill or just ill, using these perfectly matched and harvested cloned organs. Cloned embryos could provide genetically perfect tissues and organs that could save countless lives and evenShow MoreRelatedShould Cloning Be Allowed?1154 Words   |  5 Pages Should cloning be allowed? By Arichelieu Obei English IV Mr.Wilson Period 4th 3/14/2017 Well to begin with, what is cloning? Is cloning even real? Is it a thing? Do people clone people? Or animal? Is that even possible? Are clones robot or humans? Do they have a heart? Can they think like us normal people? Can they reproduce? And make baby clones? Are they allowed to have the same rights as us? What’s the cost of a clone? Is it expensive? Can IRead MoreShould Cloning Be Allowed?1440 Words   |  6 Pageshuman cloning is becoming a feasible practice. Recently there has been a successful cloning of a sheep, so scientists start to speculate the different uses of cloning human embryos. The three forms of cloning that stand out are reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning, and cloning for scientific research. Cloning should be permitted, but only reproductive cloning should be permitted with a limit on the number of babies a person or family can reproduce. The arguments that support cloning dependRead MoreElderly Drivers833 Words   |  4 Pages2. There has been talk about banning elderly driving off the road in recent years. Some people suggest that the elderly should reapply for driving licenses. Elderly driver usually have loss of hearing, diminished vision, and slower reaction time. Elderly driver should reapply for driver’s license once they grow old because accidents and fatalities could be reduced by two folds. Since many of the accidents come from elderly drivers, fewer accidents would likely happen at all. There are certainRead More Cloning Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pages Should Human Cloning be Legal? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cloning captured the public’s attention when Scottish scientists startled the world in July of 1996 when they announced the birth of a sheep named Dolly which they had cloned from the nucleus of an adult mammary cell and a sheep egg. Ever since this spectacular event occurred people have been thinking about the possibility of cloning humans. WhatRead MoreThe Cloning of Humans1398 Words   |  6 PagesYou can’t will a maxim where there is a diminishment of human dignity. Cloning humans with identical genetic makeup to act as organ donors for each other is a diminishment of human dignity. Therefore, cloning of humans is immoral. Human cloning is a practice which includes taking an egg from a human female, removing the nucleus, substituting it with the genetic material from the nucleus of another adult cell, and using electric shock or chemical bath to hoax the egg into thinking it has beenRead MoreEssay on Cloning: How Far Should We Go?627 Words   |  3 Pagesmany: should human cloning be a part of our society? Recently the ability to clone a human being has become a very realistic possibility. However, the issue of morality has taken center stage on this topic. A Gallup poll taken in 1997 revealed eighty-eight percent of Americans stated, cloning human beings would be morally wrong (Dudley 10). Some people, such as scientists in this field and certain infertile couples, are arguing against banning cloning. However, human cloning should be bannedRead MoreHuman Cloning And Its Legality1347 Words   |  6 PagesHuman cloning is the creation of genetically identical or modified copy of a human. Human cloning is the reproduction of human cells and tissue. The possibility of human cloning has raised complications. These ethical concerns have provoked several nations to pass laws regarding human cloning and its legality. The common types of cloning is Gene cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning. Gene cloning is the process in which a gene is located and copied out of DNA extractedRead MoreThe term cloning describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically900 Words   |  4 PagesThe term cloning describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. Cloning is a very controversial theme now in days that’s everybody should be informed about it. The majority of the people doesn’t know anything about the subject and do not have the knowledge to make an opinion about it. Cloning animals may be very helpful forRead More Human Cloning Should be Condemned Essays594 Words   |  3 Pages Human Cloning Should be Condemned nbsp; On November 25, 2001, the news that a firm called Advanced Cell Technology had created human embryos by cloning added new urgency to Congresss and the nations deliberations on this issue. nbsp; This past summer, by a 265-to-162 margin, the House of Representatives passed a carefully worded ban on human cloning (H.R. 2505) which President Bush has said he will sign into law. The leadership of the Senate nonetheless has refused to take actionRead MoreThe Shortcomings of Cloning1152 Words   |  5 Pages Did you know that every living creature starts as a cell (Barber, 9)? That is where cloning begins as well, with a singular cell, more specifically a DNA cell. A clone is an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another organism (Barber, 6). Francis Crick and James Watson discovered that DNA is made up of two strands, called a double helix (Barber, 9). Maurice Wilkins, James Watson, and Francis Crick won the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize for their DNA work. There are approximately 3 billion DNA base

Levels of the External Hierarchy of Life

Client Attorney Privilege The Code Of Silence - 940 Words

Client attorney privilege is describes the code of silence that is a legally recognized right of the client to tell his attorney anything and the attorney will can not disclose this privileged communication. However, in some cases it s sad that you as the attorney have to refer to the code of silence in order not to be disbarred. I know I would want to give that mother of the five years boy some closure and stop the argany with the hopes that her five year old is still alive. I also understand the reasoning behind not disclosing information about the child s remains.. According Banks, 2013, because the boy is already dead and could not be help, however on the other hand if the lawyer had discovered the boy alive and wounded but still alive , the lawyer would have to say something to prevent any further harm to the child. Then this rule wouldn t have apply. Morally it s not a good feeling on he attorney part about knowing that a child life has been taken and the grieving mother still has hope that her child is still alive. More so the attorney knows the facts about the child death and has to hold to the code of silences. Another fact is client privilege is a right for the client not the attorney . This was put into place so a client can feel free to tell his attorney anything and it not be used against him or her in a court of law. Pollack , 2010, states that many lawyers believed that loyalty to the client is paramount to their duties as a professional. This isShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Confidentiality From Oklahoma s State Regulation1644 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrating helpfulness (video 1) and the desire to protect a client (video 2) have in fact violated or up held client’s confidentiality. 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There is no evidence the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  defendant intended to silence plaintiff in a mannerRead MoreEssay on Blaw 200 Mid-Term 12 Study Guide18203 Words   |  73 Pageslegislatures. When a legislature passes a statute, that statute ultimately is included in the federal code of laws or the relevant state code of laws. Statutory law also includes local Ordinances – statutes (laws, rules, or orders) passed by municipal or county governing units to govern matters not covered by federal or state law. Mainly have to do with city or county land use, building safety codes, and other matters affecting the local community. * Treaties – Only STATES can produce. It is aRead Morelaw of contract11640 Words   |  47 Pagesnot be put in the same position as before the contract, and therefore no restitution can be paid not a failure total of consideration seems likely that it would be more just in Canada to subtract what you did use from your restituionary claim Attorney General v. Blake Facts: Blake was a member of intelligence who sold/published secrets and made a profit. where an individual earned his profit by doing the very thing he had promised not to do and the plaintiff had a legitimate interest in preventingRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pages55 Review Questions 56 †¢ Discussion Questions 57 †¢ Bibliography 58 Chapter 3 Telecommunications and Networking The Need for Networking 61 Sharing of Technology Resources Sharing of Data 60 61 61 Distributed Data Processing and Client/Server Systems Enhanced Communications 62 62 Marketing Outreach 62 An Overview of Telecommunications and Networking 62 Key Elements of Telecommunications and Networking 63 Analog and Digital Signals 63 Speed of Transmission 64 Read MoreSSD2 Module 2 Notes Essay23331 Words   |  94 PagesHow can you as a leader effect a change in the attitudes and behaviors of the Soldiers you lead? How do you make Soldiers care about their own personal safety and the safety of others? How do you enhance the readiness of your organization? Uniformed code of military justice When a person joins the United States military, they become subject to a completely new justice system. While the primary purpose of the United States justice system is to dispense justice, that is not the primary reason for theRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagesinto a credit card or debit card. Such a cell phone can buy items from a vending machine or convenience store, pay for train tickets and cab fares, and purchase and sell stocks and bonds. Businesses cater to this new technology by including bar codes in their catalogues or on street advertisements. Users can then use their phone to scan the barcode that brings the user to that company’s website. Users may then proceed to learn more about the item and order it with a click of the button. 2. TheRead MoreBusiness Law I Summary34667 Words   |  139 Pagesprofession, providing an all around legal service. These people have a varied job description. * Barristers: If solicitors are the ‘GP’s’ of the legal world, barristers are the consultant specialists. They specialize in advocacy (= representing a client in court) and have a right to appear in any court or tribunal. There are two types of barristers: * QC’s = (queens counsel) after 15-20years you can try to achieve this title * Junior’s = kind of the assistant of a QC Other legal personnel Read MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words   |  57 PagesW2 association n S3, W1 assume v S2, W1 assumption n S2, W2 assure v S2, W3 at prep S1, W1 atmosphere n S3, W2 attach v S2, W2 attack n S2, W2 attack v S3, W2 attempt n S2, W1 attempt v S2, W2 attend v S2, W2 attention n S2, W1 attitude n S2, W1 attorney n S2, W3 attract v S2, W2 S1 = one of the 1000 most frequent words in Spoken English;  W1 = one of the 1000 most frequent words in Written English S2 = one of the 2000 most frequent words in Spoken English;  W2 = one of the 2000 most frequent words

Disney Case Study Marketing free essay sample

Disney also broadened its adult offerings in film when then Disney Studio Chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg  acquired Miramax Films in 1993 Eisner attempted in 1994 to purchase  NBC  from GE, but the deal failed due to GE wanting to keep 51% ownership of the network. Eisner used expanding cable and home video markets to sign deals using Disney shows and films with a long-term deal with  Showtime Networks  for Disney/Touchstone releases through 1996 and entering television syndication and distribution for TV series. Disney began limited releases of its previous films on video tapes in the late 1980s. Eisners Disney purchased  KHJ, an independent Los Angeles TV station. The company successfully entered the field of television animation with a number of lavishly budgeted and acclaimed series such as  Adventures of the Gummi Bears,  Duck Tales  and  Gargoyles. Disney moved to first place in box office receipts and had increased revenues by 20% every year. The company acquired several media sources such as ABC and ESPN during early 1990s. We will write a custom essay sample on Disney Case Study Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Former CEO Michael Eisner set out to plan â€Å"The Disney Decade†, but most of the proposals made did not follow through. When the CEO at the time, Frank Wells, died in a helicopter crash, the former CEO Michael Eisner refused to give his post to Disney Studio Chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg, therefore he resigned and founded DreamWorks. Michael Ovitz was hired instead as COO, with a minimal involvement from the board. He only lasted 14 months and he engendered a long running derivative suit, which finally ended in June 2006. As the Katzenberg case dragged on as his contract included a portion of the film revenue from ancillary markets forever. Katzenberg had offered $100 to settle the case but Eisner felt the original claim amount of about half a billion too much, but then the ancillary market clause was found. Disney lawyers tried to indicate a decline situation which revealed some of the problems in the company. ABC had declining rating and increasing costs while the film segment had two film failures. In 1998, Disney began a move into the internet field with the purchase of  Starwave  and 43 percent of  Infoseek. In 1999, Disney also launched its  cruise line  with the christening of Disney Magic and a sister ship. Eisners controlling style inhibited efficiency and progress according to some critics, while other industry experts indicated that age compression theory led to a decline in the companys target market due to youth copying teenage behavior earlier 2000 brought an increase in revenue of 9% and net income of 39% with ABC and ESPN leading the way and Parks and Resorts marking its sixth consecutive year of growth. However the  September 11 attacks  led to a complete halt of vacation travel and led to a recession. The recession led to a decrease in ABC revenue. Plus, Eisner had the company make an expensive purchase of  Fox Family Worldwide. 001 was a year of cost cutting laying off 4,000 employees, Disney parks operations decreased, slashing annual live-action film investment, and minimizing Internet operations. While 2002 revenue had a small decrease from 2001 with the cost cutting, net income rose to $1. 2 billion with two creative film releases. In 2003, the Studio became the fir st studio to record over $3 billion in worldwide box office receipts. 2. Updating: Disneys earnings for 2005 reflect the impact of changes in accounting rules, resulting in the expensing of the fair value of stock options and the revaluing of certain of our FCC licenses. In aggregate, these changes reduced reported earnings by $0. 10 per share. Before giving effect to these accounting changes, Disney delivered earnings per share of $1. 32 for the year1. Comparable earnings per share in 2004 were $1. 12, yielding earnings per share growth for the year of 18%, which is particularly gratifying as it follows substantial growth in the prior two years. The last is summarized in the graph below: The revenues and the segment operation income for 2005 in the company? s different businesses are shown in the charts below: 2001| 2002| 2003| 2004| 2005| | Revenues Media Networks Parks and Resorts Studio Entertainment Consumer Products| $  9,569 7,004 6,009 2,590| $  9,733 6,465 6,691 2,440| $10,941 6,412 7,364 2,344| $11,778 7,750 8,713 2,511| $13,207 9,023 7,587 2,127| | | | $25,172| $25,329| $27,061| $30,752| $31,944| | | |   |   |   |   |   | Segment Operation Income1 Media Networks Parks and Resorts Studio Entertainment Consumer Products| $  1,758 1,586 260 401| $  Ã‚  Ã‚  986 1,169 273 394| $  1,213 957 620 384| $  2,169 1,123 662 534| $2,749 1,178 207 520| | | | $  Ã‚  4,005| $  2,822| $  3,174| $  4,488| $  4,654| The charts show below sumarize the revenues and performance in the different operative segments of the company from 2009 to 2011: | | | | | | Change%| | in millions)| | | 2011| 2010| 2009| 2011 v. s 2010| 2010 v. s 2009| Revenues| | | | | | | | | Media Networks | $ 18,71 | $ 17,16 | $ 16,21 | 9%| 6%| | Parks and Resorts| 11,797| 10,761| 10,667| 10%| 1%| | Studio Entertainment| 6,351| 6,701| 6,136| -5%| 9%| | Consumer Products| 3,049| 2,678| 2,425| 14%| 10%| | Interactive Media| 982| 761| 712| 29%| 7%| | | | $ 40,89 | $ 38,06 | $ 36,15 | 7%| 5%| Segment operating income (loss):| | | | | | | Media Networks | $ 6,15 | $ 5,13 | $ 4,77 | 20%| 8%| | Parks and Resorts| 1,553| 1,318| 1,418| 18%| -7%| Studio Entertainment| 618| 693| 175| -11%| gt;100%| | Consumer Products| 816| 677| 609| 21%| 11%| | Interactive Media| -308| -234| -295| -32%| 21%| | | | $ 8,83 | $ 7,59 | $ 6,67 | 16%| 14%| Comparing the graphs and charts from 2005 (under the direction of Michael Eisnet) with the ones from 2009, 2010 and 2010; It is evident that the revenue and the segment operating income growth was more rapid whitin the years in which the franchise strategy was already implemented than the period before that, when the growth the company experienced had an almost-flat behavior. Besides, the chart 6 shows that in the year 2009 the Studio Entertainment segment experienced a growth of more than its 100%, which coincides with the acquisition of Marvel strategy the same year. The Walt Disney Company has continued implementing its Cross-Platform strategy in several ways. Nowadays for example, the company has acquired many other networks and multimedia companies. The chart below represent the estimated subscribers to each Disney-owned network, and the percentage of the network the company owns: Estimated Subscribers(in millions) Ownership % ESPN 99 80. 0 ESPN2 99 80. 0 ESPNEWS 73 80. 0 ESPN Classic 33 80. 0 ESPNU 72 80. Disney ChannelDomestic 99 100. 0 Disney Channels–International 141 100. 0 Disney Junior 58 100. 0 Disney XD – Domestic 78 100. 0 Disney XD – International 91 100. 0 ABC Family 98 100. SOAPnet 74 100. 0 Aamp;E 99 42. 1 Lifetime Television 99 42. 1 HISTORY 99 42. 1 Lifetime Movie Network 82 42. 1 The Biography Channel 65 42. History International 64 42. 1 Lifetime Real Women 18 42. 1 The company has continued implementing its Cross-Platform strategy: In the 2012 annual report the company illustrated its significant growth in each one of its franchises and business such as: Broadcasting, Theme Parks, Resorts, Disney Cruise Line, Publishing, Merchandise licensing, Games, Online, Music Production, Theatrical Production (among many others). 3. People Involved: Michael Eisner was born March 7, 1942 in Mount Kisko, New York. He is an American businessman who was the chief executive officer of The Walt Disney Company from September 22, 1984 to September 30, 2005. Michael Eisner was hired at ABC as National Programming Director and moved up the ranks, eventually becoming the Senior Vicepresident of Programming and Development. In 1976 he became president and CEO at Paramount Pictures. Michael Eisner was brought into Disney (accompanied by Frank Wells as Disney? s COO) by its shareholders Sid Bass and Roy E. Disney to replace Ron W. Miller and turn the company around. In early 1990s, Eisner and his partners set out to plan â€Å"The Disney Decade†, which included featuring new theme parks around the world, existing park expansions, new films and new media investments. After Frank Wells died, Michael Eisner refused to appoint Jeffrey Katzenberg (Disney Studios chairman at the time) to fill the now available post, which led to the Disney Studios chairman resign. In 2004, Michael Eisner was accused of micromanagement, flops with the ABC television network, timidity in the theme park business, refusing to establish a clear succession plan, and turning The Walt Disney Company into a rapacious soul-less company. In 2005, Michael Eisner announced that he would step down as CEO one year before his contract expired. On September 30 of the same year he resigned both as an executive and as a member of the board. Robert Iger was born on February 10, 1951 in Long Island, New York. He is the current chairman and CEO of The Walt Disney Company. He has served as the company? s president since 2000 and as CEO since 2005 as Michael Eisner replacement. His career started when he joined the American Broadcasting Company in 1974 and started scaling positions. He served as president of the ABC Television Network Group from 1993 to 1994. Then he was named president and chief operating officer of ABCs corporate parent,  Capital Cities/ABC. In 1996, The Walt Disney Company bought Capital Cities/ABC and renamed it  ABC, Inc. , where Robert Iger remained president until 1999. On February 25, 1999, Disney named Iger president of Walt Disney International, the business unit that oversees Disneys international operations, as well as chairman of the ABC Group. Among the main actions held by Robert Iger at Disney, he led the acquisition of Pixar in 2006, with a subsequent period of strained relations with the animation studio. He also led the acquirement of Marvel Entertainment in 2009 and Lucasfilm in 2012. Since then he has broaden the Disney Company? s character franchises. On his first day on the board, Robert Iger told the rest of the members that the revitalization of Disney? s animation business was a top priority, and he shifted Disney? s focus to its stable of franchises. After identifying the need of refocusing the company and getting to new markets, Rober Iger? s first move was to move the Disney Channel from premium to the basic cable. He is known to be a smart, shy businessperson, who tends to lead the company in a team- and consortium based rather than autocratic manner. Iger’s first order of business was to reconcile with Pixar boss Steve Jobs. Despite the fact that an extension of the joint cooperation agreement had not been very likely under Eisner, Pixar went on to became part of the Walt Disney Company under Iger’s leadership in 2006. By taking over Pixar, the Disney CEO not only made sure to bring in the most successful production company for animated film. 4. Main Problem: Disney has always been one of the top media and entertainment companies worldwide. Since Bob Iger took the role of CEO at the Walt Disney Company, he made it clear the biggest matter, and that factor of the company he would focus the most on were the arsenal of franchises the company owns. One of the top priorities was revitalizing the animation business of the company. In order to succeed this, Bob Iger developed a serial of strategies that would reinforce not only the animation but every single franchise distributed across Disney? multiple company platforms and divisions: For this, Disney purchased Pixar (as many of the TV shows, rides and merchandise were based on Pixar? s characters). This strategy made huge sense and worked really well as it gave the company the opportunity of exploiting in a greater way the characters and the other Pixar? s creations integrated to the different franchises. Even thought the company had developed a master strategy, something was mis sing. The company had a great franchise, lots of successful business units and more characters and stories to play with, but what about the market to push all of this in? At that time, the target market, that portion or segment of the total market where all the efforts were directed to, was the young children market; a market that for several years had been enough for what the company wanted to achieve, but the flat growth of the company in the prior years indicated that this market, which was the company? s wheel at the time, was narrowing. The number of young children consuming was not enough for everything the company wanted to launch. In order to revitalize the company, Bob Iger accepted the fact of the target market not being enough; therefore, he knew that a big portion of his efforts would need to be directed into refocusing the brand into broader markets. 5. Organizations Involved: The Walt Disney Company is currently the world’s second largest media and entertainment company and includes the Walt Disney film studios and their subsidiary Touchstone, film distributor Buena Vista International, ABC, numerous niche channels such as Disney Channel, Jetix, Toon Disney and Playhouse Disney, American sports channel ESPN as well as theme parks all over the world. The company started 1923 when Walter (â€Å"Walt†) Elias Disney and his brother Roy founded the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, which became Walt Disney Studios only three years later. Another two years later, in 1928, Disney’s first Mickey Mouse cartoon ‘Steamboat Willie’ found its way into the cinemas. Forthwith, the mouse was the key figure and starting point for the elaborate merchandise business of the Disney Company. The first ‘Disneyland’ opened in California in 1955. Since the fifties, the company established itself in the television business with their ‘Disneyland’ show and a ‘Mickey Mouse Club’, initially on the ABC Network. Nowadays, The Walt Disney Company successfully develops several business fields, including television, internet, theme parks, film, publishing, games, musical, and mobile entertainment. Pixar Animation Studios is an American computer animation film studio located in Emeryville, California. The studio creates animated films with PhotoRealistic RenderMan used to generate high quality image. Pixar began in 1979 as the Graphics Group with Steve Jobs as its majority shareholder. The Walt Disney Company purchased Pixar in 2006 for $7,4 billion, which made Steve Jobs become the largest shareholder of Disney. Pixar? s frist feature film was Toy Story in 1995, since then it has produced over 13 others. All Pixar? s films have received critical and financial success. The studio has produced as well several short films. Two of its feature films (Finding Nemo and Toy Story 3) are among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time, with over $1 billion worldwide. Pixar Animated Studios has earned 26 Academy Awards, seven Golden Globe Awards, and eleven Grammy Awards. Marvel Entertainment Group. Inc. is the largest American publisher of comic books. The company started during the Depression and experienced a rapid growth during the 1930s and 1940s. The industry suffered a setback in the 1950s, but came back stronger in the 1960s with new characters that appealed children. After another slump during the 1970s, Marvel Entertainment rebounded in the 1980s with a larger popularity. The company started a diversification process in the 1990s. Marvel was founded in late 1930s by Martin Goodman, a pulp magazines publisher. Funnies Inc. convinced Martin Goodman in 1939 to produce complete comic books. The first comic book featured a super hero character, the Sub-Mariner. This experimental venture would eventually become the banner of the Marvel Comics empire. On December 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company completed an acquisition of Marvel Entertainment, Inc. (Marvel). Marvel businesses are reported primarily in Disney? s Studio Entertainment and Consumer Products segments. 6. Strategy: As the Walt Disney Company current CEO had established that the brand? s target market which at the time were the young children was narrowing, the top priority besides revitalizing Disney? s animation business trough the purchase of Pixar became finding a new market to push the Disney? franchise into. In order to achieve this, the company implemented a series of strategies: The first thing that was done was moving the Disney Channel from premium to basic cable, this way the Disney? s viewership would be broaden as more and more people would have access to the Disney franchise. Another strategy implemented in this same franchise was the launching of local versions in k ey global markets, for example Disney Latino, which is a TV network of the franchise directed specifically to the Latin audience. Since the children market wasn? t enough, efforts were directed into pushing the ranchises to capture teen market: With the tween girls market for example, the launching of High School Musical, Hannah Montana and The Jonas Brothers, made it for the company a success to attract this new target market. The Pirates of the Caribbean was the first Disney film with a PG-13 rating. This strategy played a major role in refocusing the brand to broader markets as it attracted older children and even adults, something that the company hadn? t done before. With this film (accompanied with Cars) , cracking into the tween boy market in a sustainable (which is a real challenge for every media company) started. After that, many other strategies to penetrate this very same segment were implemented: The launching of the Disney XD channel which mainly includes science fiction and action-adventure shows, besides the leverage of ESPN and the acquisition of Marvel Entertainment which creates a broad arsenal of material to create content for this specific platform. Questionnaire 1. Do a brief market opportunity analysis for Disney, identifying the major markets that Disney has expanded into A great market opportunity that Disney has is that the entertainment field is no longer appealing just for children. Even adults are requiring some kind of entertainment that drives them away from the day-a-day routine, something that reminds them of the fun they used to have in their childhood, the fun they can still have. By the other hand, the tendency of the teenage girls to like what â€Å"feels like home†, something they can identify with and relay on. And as always, boys between 6 and 14 always loving the science fiction, what reminds them of technology and super heroes. Finally, the globalization has made the entertainment tendencies applicable worldwide. All of these facts of the potential consumers define a market opportunity for Disney: The creation of franchises, the leverage of ESPN and the launching of films such as The Pirates of the Caribbean (among many others), has appealed the adult market, refocusing the brand into broader markets that in earlier years, the company hadn? t really try hard to crack; teenage girls dig what they can identify with, that is why Disney launched TV shows such as Hannah Montana, High School Musical and Jonas, which are based on real people living the daily life, but always with something extra that makes teenage girls dream with. The tween boys market has been conquered with the new network Disney XD that includes science fiction and action adventure shows, this has meant a real expansion to major markets as media in general find it difficult to attract and sustain this segment. Finally, the creation of specific formats of the Disney Channel for each key market, has helped the company to reach every and each corner of the world with a cultural factor that makes the viewers identify with the channel and not seeing it as a foreign network. 2. How does Disney? s cross-platform franchising help create sustainable competitive advantage? Disney? s cross-platform franchising help the company to create a sustainable competitive advantage as it reaches many segments of the market: Some of its franchises are directed to small children, some others are directed for older children and teenagers, and there are ones who even adults feel attracted to. One specific example is given by Disney being able to crack the tween boy market, to attract those boys between the age of 6 and 14 years with franchises as Cars and Pirates of the Caribbean, besides the creation of a new TV network Disney XD with science-fiction and action-adventure shows. This is a real competitive advantage that the company has developed and will continue developing, because the tween boy market is the one that media companies have to struggle the most to crack in. This Cross-Platform franchise strategy has helped the company weather the economic downturn, as the effects of the recession continue to recede. â€Å"Disney enjoys competitive advantages that underpin all of our successes, both financial and creative. The first is our tremendous library of creative content and characters. In the long run, we prosper from the inventiveness of our film, television and other programming; our ability to connect with our audiences; enhancing our products using technological advances; delighting people around the world with our toys, clothing and other consumer products; and surprising our Guests with magical experiences at the parks, cruise lines and resorts. † 3. Describe the marketing mix for one of Disney? s franchises One of the Disney? s franchises is the Disney Channel: The product is Disney Channel, a 24-hour cable network airing original series nd movie programming targeted to children and families. Shows developed and produced internally for exhibition on Disney Channel include live-action comedy series, animated programming and educational preschool series directed to the rapidly growing teen market. Some examples are Hannah Montana, High School Musical and Jonas. Another feature of the Disney Channel franchise is that the network launches local versions in key global markets About the price, one of the changes that Bob Iger made when he first started working as Disney? CEO was making it more accessible for the public, this means, the TV network was moved from the premium cable to the basic cable, therefore the viewers would not have to pay extra for having access to the channel and the shows. The place is worldwide. Disney Channel has specially been formatted for key global markets. For example, there is a Disney Channel only for Latin America, there is another one just for the United States and an different one for the India. About Disney Channel? s promotion, there are many shows that are based on the theme parks attractions, some others are based on franchises the company has already launched. For example The Jonas Brothers first started as a teenage band sponsored by Disney, and years later a TV show named Jonas was released, therefore the prior existence of a product based on the same characters in another franchise acts as a promotion for the shows presented on Disney Channel. Besides, Disney Channel has its own Web Page were the viewers can interact, play games based on the shows, and learn more about the channel. 4. Describe the major components of Bob Iger? s strategic plan The main components of Bob Iger? s strategic plan are: A Cross-Platform franchise strategy, which means having franchises distributed across Disney? s multiple company platforms and divisions, including TV networks, consumer products, theme parks, and the Hollywood records. * The purchasing of Pixar Animated Studios in order to revitalize Disney? s animation business, since most of the Disney? s latest TV shows and theme park rides were based on Pixar characters. * Refocusing the brand into broade r markets, making it appealing not only for children since this market was narrowing. Pushing franchises to capture teen market, as teenagers are a specific segment of the market that is experiencing a significant growth. * Launching franchises that would appeal the tween boy market, which would bring a competitive advantage to the company as this market is really difficult to crack. * The acquisition of Marvel Entertainment, which would allow to integrate new content to the platform. [ 1 ]. The Disney-Wiki. Michael Eisner. En: http://disney. wikia. com/wiki/Michael_Eisner. Febrero 25, 2013. [ 2 ]. The Walt Disney Company . Company History-Corporate Information.. Febrero 26, 2013. [ 3 ]. The Walt Disney Company. 2005 Annual Report. En: http://thewaltdisneycompany. com/investors/annual_reports/2005/introduction/financial_highlights/fh. html. Febrero 27, 2013 [ 4 ]. The Walt Disney Company. 2005 Annual Report. En: http://thewaltdisneycompany. com/investors/annual_reports/2005/introduction/financial_highlights/fh. html. Febrero 27, 2013 [ 5 ]. 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